The area was then contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years, including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The state eventually disintegrated into rival regional powers and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian Russian is also widely spoken, especially in the east and south.ĭuring the Middle Ages, Ukraine was the site of early Slavic expansion and the area later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro and Odesa. It also borders Belarus to the north Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west and Romania and Moldova to the southwest with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraina, pronounced ( listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe.
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